Which stepper motor is used in 3D printer?

Stepper motors are an essential component of any 3D printer, as they control the movement of the printer's various axes and extruder. When it comes to selecting the right stepper motor for a 3D printer, there are a few factors to consider, including torque, speed, and accuracy. In this article, we'll take a closer look at which stepper motors are commonly used in 3D printers, and why.

 

First, let's discuss what a stepper motor is and how it works. A stepper motor is a type of motor that moves in small, precise steps, rather than continuously rotating. This makes it ideal for controlling the movement of a 3D printer's axes, as the printer needs to move in precise increments to create accurate and detailed prints. Stepper motors can also provide a high level of torque, allowing them to move heavy loads with ease.

 

 

There are several types of stepper motors commonly used in 3D printers, including NEMA 17, NEMA 23, and NEMA 34. The "NEMA" designation refers to the National Electrical Manufacturers Association, which sets standards for motor sizes and dimensions. NEMA 17 is the most common type of stepper motor used in 3D printers, due to its compact size and high torque output. NEMA 23 and NEMA 34 motors are larger and more powerful, but are typically only used in larger, industrial-grade 3D printers.

 

Within the NEMA 17 category, there are several variations of stepper motors available. The most common types are bipolar and unipolar. Bipolar stepper motors have two coils, which allows them to be driven in either direction. Unipolar stepper motors have four or six coils, which makes them easier to control, but also less efficient than bipolar motors. In general, bipolar stepper motors are preferred for 3D printers, as they provide better accuracy and control.

 

Another factor to consider when selecting a stepper motor for a 3D printer is the motor's step angle. The step angle refers to the angle that the motor moves with each step. Most NEMA 17 stepper motors have a step angle of 1.8 degrees, which means that it takes 200 steps to complete a full revolution. However, some stepper motors have a step angle of 0.9 degrees, which allows for finer control and greater accuracy. However, these motors are more expensive and may not be necessary for all 3D printing applications.

 

Finally, it's important to consider the driver and controller used to control the stepper motor. The driver and controller work together to provide the necessary voltage and current to the motor, and to ensure that it moves in the correct direction and at the correct speed. There are several types of driver and controller systems available, including standalone controllers, integrated controllers, and open-source systems like RepRap and Marlin. The choice of driver and controller will depend on the specific needs of the 3D printer and the user's level of expertise.

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